Whitepaper

The State of Issuer Authentication in 2026

3D Secure, risk-based authentication, and the cardholder authentication experience.

  What's inside
Where EMV 3DS 2.3.1 and EMVCo's roadmap stand today
Risk-based authentication and the fraud-versus-friction trade-off
OTP, out-of-band, and biometric challenge methods
Decoupled authentication for recurring and delayed transactions
WebAuthn, Secure Payment Confirmation, and passkeys
Designing a challenge flow cardholders actually complete
Where EMV 3DS 2.3.1 and EMVCo's roadmap stand today
KEY TAKEAWAYS

Critical shifts redefining issuer authentication strategies

From Mandate to Strategic Weapon
Moving beyond basic regulatory
compliance to optimise cardholder
conversion while ruthlessly stopping
account takeover and CNP fraud.
Frictionless Intelligence
Harnessing device telemetry, biometrics,
and behavioural analytics to challenge less
while authenticating with higher certainty.
Decoupled & Passkey Architecture
Preparing the issuer authentication
infrastructure for out-of-band banking app prompts, WebAuthn, and seamless
subscription flows.
"The ACS is no longer a narrow payments component. It is becoming a general-purpose authentication service that touches a growing share of the issuer's digital relationship with the cardholder."
The State of Issuer Authentication 2026 — GPayments Research
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